What is the correct sequence of steps for performing a sterile dressing change on an open wound?

• A. Prepare sterile field; don sterile gloves; clean wound with sterile technique from clean to dirty; apply sterile dressing without touching sterile field; secure dressing; discard materials.
• B. Don sterile gloves; clean wound; apply dressing; discard materials.
• C. Clean wound; prepare sterile field; apply dressing; discard materials.
• D. Prepare dressing; apply dressing; discard materials.

Answer: (A)

Maintaining a sterile field and using sterile technique during a dressing change on an open wound is essential to prevent infection. The correct sequence starts with establishing a sterile field so every item you touch remains sterile. Next, don sterile gloves so your hands stay sterile while handling those supplies and touching the wound. Then clean the wound using sterile technique, moving from cleanest areas toward the dirtiest to avoid dragging contaminants into the wound. After cleaning, apply the sterile dressing without compromising the sterile field—use the dressing and supplies while maintaining sterility and avoid touching nonsterile surfaces. Secure the dressing to protect the wound and ensure it stays in place. Finally discard all used materials and perform final cleanup. Deviating from this order, such as cleaning before the sterile field is prepared or applying the dressing before cleaning, increases the risk of infection by introducing or retaining contaminants.